Subject-Verb Agreement

- English English Grammar | - | NCTB BOOK

Subject-এর Number ও Person অনুসারে Verb-এর রূপ নির্ধারিত হয়, যাকে Subject-Verb Agreement বলা হয় । 

1. Sub-Verb Agreement-এর সাধারণ নিয়ম হলো Subject যদি Singular হয় তাহলে Verbটি ও Singular হয়। অর্থাৎ Number ও Person ভেদে বিভিন্ন Tense অনুযায়ী I-এর সাথে am, have, was এবং He-এর সাথে is, has, was হয়।Subject plural হলে verb plural হয়।

Tomatoes  grow all year long in China.

 

2. And দ্বারা দুই বা ততোধিক Noun যুক্ত হয়ে যদি একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে তাহলে Verb টি Singular হবে আর পৃথক পৃথক ব্যক্তি/বস্তুকে বোঝালে verbটি plural হবে।

The headmaster and secretary of the school was present in the meeting.

The headmaster and the secretary of the school were present in the meeting.

Hints: ২য় বাক্যে Subject-এর উভয় Noun এর সাথে the বসায় তাদেরকে পৃথক পৃথকভাবে বুঝিয়েছে । তাই Verb টি Plural হয়েছে।

 

3. And দ্বারা দুটি singular বা plural subject যুক্ত হলে তার পরবর্তী Verb pluralহয়।

যেমন- 

Jamal and I walk to school.

 

4. সাধারণত and দ্বারা দুটি Singular Subject যুক্ত হয় তবে Verb-টি plural হয়। তবে উক্ত Noun দুটি দ্বারা একই ভাব বা অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে Verb-টি Singular হবে ।

Slow and steady wins the race.

Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.

The horse and carriage is ready.

(বাতিক্রম) : Time and tide-এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb-টি Plural হবে। যেমন— Time and hide wait for none । তবে গাণিতিক হিসাবের বেলায় Singular Verb ব্যবহার করা যায়।

Two and two makes four.

 

5. Each বা Every বাক্যের Subject-এর স্থানে থাকলে তারা and দ্বারা যুক্ত হলেও অথবা each of + plural noun/ pronoun হলেও Verb সব সময় Singular হবে এবং এর পর pronoun ও Singular হবে।

Each boy and each girl has a pen. 

 

6. দুই বা ততোধিক Singular Subject যদি or, nor, but দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাহলে তাদের পর Singular Verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।

He or his brother has done the work. 

Neither he nor his brother has done the work.

Not Rina but Rana is responsible for this.

 

7. Or, nor, but দ্বারা যদি একটি  Singular ও  Plural Subject যুক্ত হয় তাহলে Plural Subject-টি Verb-এর কাছাকাছি বসে এবং Verb-টি Plural হয়। তেমনিভাবে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন Person এর Subject উক্ত শব্দগুলো দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে নিকটবর্তী Subject-এর Person অনুযায়ী Verb-টির রূপ নির্ধারিত হবে।

He or his friends have gone there.

Neither he nor his brothers were present.

Either you or I am wrong.

 

8. Either of বা  Neither of যদি বাক্যর Subject হয় তাহলে তার Verb-টি Singular হয়।

Neither of them has done this.

Either of them was present.

 

9. One of বাক্যর Subject হলে এর পর Plural Noun/Pronoun হয় কিন্তু Verb-টি Singular হয়।

At least one of the students gets full marks every time.

One of my friends is a lawyer.

 

10. Subject-এর Headwords অনুযায়ী Verb-টি  Singular বা Plural হয়।  অর্থাৎ  Head word-টি Singular হলে Verb-টি  Singular হয়। 

A selection of Nazrul's poems has been published to the joy of the readers.

 

11. Singular Subject-এর পর  as well as, in addition to, including, no less than, with, along with, together with etc + Singular/ Plural Noun

বা Pronoun থাকলে Verb-টি সর্বদা Singular হবে।

The father with his three sons has  left the place.

Tania as well as her friends is participating in the party.

 

12. Anybody, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody, someone, something nothing, everyone, everybody, everything ইত্যাদি Subject হিসেবে

ব্যবহৃত হলে Verb-টি সর্বদা Singular হবে।

*Nobody believes a liar

*Everybody loves an honest man

*Something is better than nothing.

*Someone has stolen my pen.

 

13. নির্দিষ্ট দূরত্ব, ওজন, অর্থ বা সময় বুঝালে কোনো Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও পরবর্তী Verb-টি Singular হবে।

 Ten miles is a long distance.

 

14. Cattle, aristocracy, poultry, people, peasantry, gentry of noun- দেখতে Singular হলেও এগুলো আসলে Plural হওয়ায় Verb-টিও Plural হবে।

Cattle are grazing in the field. 

People are praying for prosperity.

 

14. News, mathematics, physics, gallows, politics  ইত্যাদি দেখতে Plural হলেও এরা মূলত Singular হওয়ার Verb টি Singular হবে।

Good news is expected.

Physics is my favourite subject.

No news is good news. 

 

15. দেশ, বই, ম্যাগাজিন, চলচ্চিত্র, সংবাদপত্র, নাটক ইত্যাদির নামে Plural Noun থাকলেও Verb-টি সর্বদা Singular হবে।

The Arabian Nights is still a great favourite.

 

 16. কোনো Noun-এর পূর্বে নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যাবাচক Adjective যেমন- pair, dozen, hundred, thousand ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb-টি  Singular হবে।

A pair of shoes was bought for him.

One/A dozen of pens was distributed

 

17. যতই আধিক্য বোঝাক না কেন Subject-এ যদি Uncountable Noun থাকে তবে Verb সর্বদা Singular হবে।

A lot of money was spent.

A huge quantity of sugar was exported.

 

18. A number of দিয়ে Subject শুরু হলে পরবর্তী verb টি Plural হয় কিন্তু The number of দিয়ে শুরু হলে Verb-টি Singular হয়।

The number of people was very high. 

There are a large number of boys playing in the field.

 

19. Collective Noun দ্বারা অখণ্ড সমষ্টিকে বোঝালে Verb-টি singular হয় কিন্তু খণ্ডিত বা আলাদা বোঝালে Plural Verb হয় ।

The committee has approved the bill.

The committee were devided in their opinion.

The mob have dispersed.

20. There বা here দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে পরবর্তী Verb-টির রূপ নির্ধারিত হবে verb পরবর্তী Noun এর Number এর উপর। যদি তা singular হয় তাহলে Verb Singular হবে । Plural হলে Verb টি Plural হবে।

There are a book and a pen on the table.

21. Relative Pronoun যদি  Subject হয়  তাহলে Subject পরবর্তী  Verb-টি Singular হবে , যদি  Relative Pronoun-এর  Antecedent-টি Singular Antecedent হয় । Antecedent-টি  Plural হলে Verb-টিও Plural হবে। 

A reward has been announced for the employees who have worked hard.

 

22. (Impersonal) One যদি বাক্যের Subject-এ থাকে তাহলে পরবর্তী Pronoun-টিও Impersonal হবে অর্থাৎ One's হবে, his/her হবে না।

One should be careful about one's duty.

 

23. Everyone, everybody, nobody, each, either, neither, a person ইত্যাদি Subject হলে এদের পর Singular Pronoun বসে।

Everyone should respect his teachers.

 

24. Relative Pronoun-এর   antecedent যদি  Pronoun হয় তাহলে উহার পরবর্তী  Verb-টির রূপ Antecedent (Pronoun) অনুযায়ী হবে।

It is I who am to blame.

It is you who are to blame.

 

25. প্রশ্নবোধক Who এবং Impersonal it যদি Subject হয় তাহলে Verb-টি Singular হবে।

Who does not know that two & two makes four?

 

26. Many যদি Subject-এ থাকে তাহলে পরের Noun ও Verbটি Plural হবে। কিন্তু Many a থাকলে পরবর্তী Noun ও Verb উভয়টিই Singular হবে।

Many a man has tried to complete the work.

 

27. One and a half/ quarter দিয়ে শুরু বাক্যর Noun টি plura এবং verb টি singular হয়। তবে Noun এর সংখ্যা একের বেশি হলে Noun টি plural হবে এবং Noun সংখ্যা দুই না হওয়া পর্যন্ত verb টি singular হবে।

One and a half hour is a long time.

 

28. Infinitive, Gerund, Verbal noun, clause/phrase যদি বাক্যর   Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে পরবর্তী verbটি সর্বদা singular হয়।

-To err is human.

-Telling lies is a great sin

-The reading of history gives one knowledge.

 

29. More than দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে পরবর্তী verbটির রূপ নির্ধারিত হবে verb পূর্ববর্তী noun-এর number-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে। যদি Nounটি singular হয় তাহলে verbটি singular হবে। আর Nounটি plural হলে verbটি plural হবে।

More than two general people were killed in the fighting.

30. No one, none দ্বারা 'কেউ না' বোঝালে verb singular হয়। কিন্তু একের অধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বোঝালে verb plural হয়।

None of the students has a car.

None are helpless because they can always try.

 

31. Fractions বা ভগ্নাংশ দিয়ে শুরু বাক্যের Subject টি Singular বা none-count noun হলে Verb- টিও  Singular হবে এবং Subject-টি Plural হলে  Verb-টিও   Plural হবে।

Three-fourths of the work has been finished.

Three-fourths of the books have been sold.

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        Backtrace
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        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
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      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt90μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt1.03msselect * from (select `questions`.`id`, `questions`.`subject_id`, `questions`.`category_id`, `questions`.`sub_category_id`, `questions`.`board_exam_id`, `questions`.`passage_id`, `questions`.`question_type`, `questions`.`question`, `questions`.`is_duplicate`, `questions`.`status`, `questions`.`image`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, row_number() over (partition by `subjectables`.`subject_id` order by `questions`.`created_at` desc) as `laravel_row` from `questions` inner join `subjectables` on `questions`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` where `subjectables`.`subject_id` in (694) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `questions`.`status` = 'active' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null) as `laravel_table` where `laravel_row` <= 5 order by `laravel_row`
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt190μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (239934, 240139, 240241, 240264, 245285) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt100μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (2) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt190μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (239934, 240139, 240241, 240264, 245285) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305debugerror_satt110μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (0) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:282
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • SubjectRepository.php#119debugerror_satt180μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 694 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:119
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:118
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:118
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:134
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:133
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:137
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:133
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:137
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:133
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
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        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:322
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:76
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectRepository.php#337debugerror_satt160μsselect `videos`.`video_src_url`, `mediables`.`mediable_id` as `chapter_id` from `videos` inner join `mediables` on `mediables`.`mediable_id` = `videos`.`id` where `videos`.`id` = 0 and `videos`.`video_src` = 'youtube' and `videos`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:337
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:77
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectService.php#82debugerror_satt1.81msselect `id`, `name`, `main_category_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `id` <> 694 and `parent_id` = 522 and `main_category_id` = 1 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 5
        Bindings
        • 0: 694
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        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:82
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • restrict.blade.php#30debugerror_satt180μsselect * from `package_plans` where `status` = 'active' and `package_plans`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: active
        Backtrace
        • view::includes.restrict:30
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\Subject
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      App\Models\Question
      5Question.php#?
      App\Models\QuestionOption
      5QuestionOption.php#?
      App\Models\PackagePlan
      4PackagePlan.php#?
      App\Models\SubjectDescription
      2SubjectDescription.php#?
      App\Models\User
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